Introduction to Linux scripting and types of OS

ViHa

 

  • Introduction to computer systems:

A computer is an electronic device that can be programmed to accept data (input), process it and generate result (output).  A computer along with additional hardware and software together is called a computer system. A computer system primarily comprises a central processing unit (CPU), memory, input/output devices and storage devices. All these components function together as a single unit to deliver the desired output. A computer system comes in various forms and sizes. It can vary from a high-end server to personal desktop, laptop, tablet computer, or a smartphone.

  • Introduction to OS

All the computer systems have OS installed, it is a program that acts as an Interface between the system hardware and the user making the tasks easier. It is important software which runs on a computer and controls the set of instructions and wisely utilizes each part of the Computer.

  • Types of OS 

  • Windows: It is also used in many offices because it gives you access to productivity tools such as calendars, word processors, and spreadsheets. It is a graphic user interface.

  • Linux: Server OS for web servers, database servers, file servers, email servers and any other type of shared server. Designed to support high-volume and multithreading applications, Linux is well-suited for all types of server applications. Desktop OS for personal productivity computing. It is command line interface.

  • Mac: It works hand in hand with iCloud to keep photos, documents and other stuff up to date on all your devices. It makes your Mac work like magic with your iPhone and other Apple devices.

  • Difference between Windows and Linux OS

Windows

Linux

Windows is an  OS within which ASCII text file is inaccessible. it’s designed for the people who do not have programming ability and can you the OS as an graphic user interface.

Linux could be a free and open supply OS supported operating system standards. It provides programming interface still as programm compatible with operating system primarily based systems and provides giant selection applications.

It is free of cost.

It is costly and needs license.

File name is not case sensitive.

 File name is case sensitive.

It is less efficient compared to linux.

It is less secured.

It is most efficient.

It is more secured and used in hacking based systems.



  • Difference between Unix and Linux OS

Unix

Linux

This OS can only be used by copyrighters.

This OS is open source.

This was developed for servers, workstations and mainframes.

This can be used by anyone either a student or even at the work place.

It supports less file system.

It supports more file system.

It is a complete package of an OS.

It is just a kernel.

It is costly.

It is a free source.



  • Difference between GUI and CLI

  • Introduction to Linux OS

  • It is a free and open-source operating system and the source code can be modified and distributed to anyone commercially or noncommercially under the GNU General Public License. 

  • Initially, Linux was created for personal computers and gradually it was used in other machines like servers, mainframe computers, supercomputers, etc. Nowadays, Linux is also used in embedded systems like routers, automation controls, televisions, digital video recorders, video game consoles, smartwatches, etc.

  • The biggest success of Linux is Android(operating system) it is based on the Linux kernel that is running on smartphones and tablets. Due to android Linux has the largest installed base of all general-purpose operating systems. Linux is generally packaged in a Linux distribution

  • The popular Linux distributions are: 

  • MX Linux

  • Manjaro

  • Linux Mint

  • elementary

  • Ubuntu

  • Debian

  • Solus

  • Fedora

  • openSUSE

  • Deepin

  • Types of interfaces in OS

  • Kernel: It is a lowest level of software to have interface with computer hardware and its processors. It is a head of OS.

  • Shell: It acts as an interface between a user and a kernel.

  • Applications: All the activities can be stored into a file or a directory and have it as further usage.

  • Shell:

AS shell acts as an interface between user and a kernel we do all the operations in the shell using scripting language.

There are many scripting languages like Bash, Csh, Tcsh, Tcl, Perl, Python ..etc;

  • Unix commands:

We have few commands in Unix to create a file, directory, editing, copying, pasting and many more. 

All the scripting in shell is done in terminal just as we do in command prompt in windows OS.

  • Let’s list out few commands that are most used in Unix.

  1. General syntax of commands:

Command –option <argument>

  1. Location of a file or directory:

One should know where our file or directory is located in our system, this could be represented using two methods.

  1. Absolute path:

This describes the complete path of our file or directory.

/ = This indicates root and every path should always start root.

The first directory on any system will be “HOME” directory.

Eg: /home/user/pd/sta/timing

  1. Relative path:

This uses few symbols to describe “HOME, CURRENT, PREVIOUS” directories.

./ = This indicates current directory

../ = This indicates previous directory

~ = This indicates home directory

Eg: cd ~  ->  Changing from current directory to home directory

Eg: cp ../ ./ -> copying previous directory to current directory

3. To run particular command from history:

enter “history” in the shell and to execute a particular command let’s say it is 20th command then enter “!20” in shell this will execute the 20th command.

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